I had not realized this before but, while the NEC does not specifically give requirements for VD, the Florida Building Code 2007 w/2009 supp does in Chapter 13 (Energy Efficiency); Here is the specific requirements (this is commercial only):

13-413.AB.1 Voltage drop.

13-413.AB.1.1 Feeders and customer-owned service conductors. Feeder and customer-owned service conductors shall be sized for a maximum voltage drop of 2 percent at design load.

13-413.AB.1.2 Branch circuits. Branch circuit conductors shall be sized for a maximum voltage drop of 3 percent at design load.

Yes, it exists and we can use it.

Sometimes when I do plan review I may ask the design professional for a qualifying statement for the codes you cite.

Other times I may ask to see the actual calculation, if I suspect...

Yep. In fact, this has been in the FBC since the 2004 edition...

While on the subject, I have recently put together a nice PowerPoint on the Electrical Provisions of the 2010 Florida Energy Conservation Code expected to be adopted on March 15, 2012.

I can send a pdf copy to anyone that is interested...

Some appliances such as A/C condensers include distance /conductor size tables in the installation directions.
Remember that VD is basically heat loss (I^R) and the distance times the resistance/ft. of a long length of conductor that is carrying a decent current load will heat up. This lost heat is voltage drop. Parking lot lighting is infamous for VD and undersized equipt. grounding conductors that are not in compliance with 2008 NEC Sect. 250.122 (B)...

Also keep in mind that while Section 210.19 & 215.2 can only recommend voltage drop limitations (FPNs), there are two (2) sections of the NEC that REQUIRE voltage drop limitations:

Section 647.4(D) for Sensitive Electronic Equipment & 695.7 for Fire Pumps...